Safety of Journalists CFOM Sheffield

The Centre for Freedom of the Media (CFOM) at the University of Sheffield (UK) is an interdisciplinary research centre with global outreach on issues of media freedom, journalism safety, editorial standards and impunity. During the 2022 Academic Consultation on the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity, CFOM conducted a literature stocktake to scope out academic literature published in the area of media freedom, journalism safety and impunity. CFOM collated this information and produced a literature database organised by themes or countries for accessibility. The collection is especially strong on country- and region-specific safety issues and on surveys of emotional wellbeing of journalists. This special collection is curated by gemma.horton@sheffield.ac.uk.

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Reporting Trauma: Conflict Journalists’ Exposure to Potentially Traumatizing Events, Short- and Long-Term Consequences, and Coping Behavior

Magdalena Obermaier, Annemarie Wiedicke, Nina Steindl, Thomas Hanitzsch

Journalism Studies, volume 24, issue 11 (2023), pp. 1398-1417

"Due to the nature of their jobs, journalists reporting from theaters of war, destruction, and violence are frequently exposed to potentially traumatizing experience. This study explores how journalists go about trauma exposure, how they deal with its emotional fallout, and what support they get in ... more

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Terror without training: First-hand experiences of student journalists covering the 2019 Christchurch mosque shootings

Karen Neill

Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies (2023), [no pag.]

"In 2019, 51 people were killed in terror attacks at two mosques in Christchurch, a city on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand with a population of around 400,000 people. It was the deadliest mass shooting in the country’s history and the first terror attack of its kind on home soil ... more

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External Monitoring of Coercive Agents and the Murders of Journalists: A Cross-National Study of Journalist Killings, 1992–2018

Berkay Alica

Human Rights Quarterly, volume 45, issue 1 (2023), pp. 32-61

"Targeted attacks on journalists are internationally condemned crimes, which not only undermine freedom of expression, but also symbolize an utter disregard for basic human rights. Yet, murders of journalists occur in all types of regimes, whether autocratic or democratic. This article explores the ... more

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Positive Impacts of Blockchain Technology on the Digital Safety of Journalists: An Explorative Study

Susanna Bottaro, Kumar Dheeraj Raja, Kimsey Zajac

OSCE (2023), ?? pp.

"The freedom of media and the safety of journalists are crucial elements in democratic societies. Despite global efforts to increase the safety of journalists, the profession remains plagued by perilous working conditions. With increasing digital threats to journalists' security and ability to work, ... more

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Female Investigative Journalists: Overcoming Threats, Intimidation, and Violence with Gendered Strategies

Maria Konow-Lund, Marte Høiby

Journalism Practice, volume 17, issue 8 (2023), pp. 1591-1606

"During the past two decades, numerous investigative journalist networks have emerged globally, through which journalists from different places and cultures collaborate. In this article, we focus specifically on the experiences of female investigative journalists and the ways in which they navigate ... more

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Building Resilience Through Trauma Literacy in J-Schools

Lada Trifonova Price, Ola Ogunyemi

In: Happiness in Journalism

Valérie Bélair-Gagnon, Avery E. Holton, Mark Deuze, Claudia Mellado (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 47-56

"This chapter explores what educators can do to help students cope with trauma that they are likely to experience during their studies and in their future practice." (Abstract)

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Journalistic role conceptions and performance in the global south: A comparison between Egypt and the UAE during COVID-19

Maha Abdulmajeed, Rasha El-Ibiary

International Communication Gazette, volume 85, issue 8 (2023), pp. 646-662

"Journalists in Egypt and the UAE have been differently challenged by the COVID-19 situation at multiple levels, (1) individual (2) work/routines and (3) media/organizational while covering COVID-19. Using the hierarchy of influences model, we analyze the differentiated journalists’ role conceptio ... more

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Journalists Considering an Exit

Jana Rick

In: Happiness in Journalism

Valérie Bélair-Gagnon, Avery E. Holton, Mark Deuze, Claudia Mellado (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 11-18

"This chapter examines the results of a number of studies that considered whether and why journalists sought to leave the profession. They found that freelance, female, and low earning journalists were the most likely to leave." (Abstract)

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Developing Psychological Capital to Support Journalists' Well-Being

Maja Šimunjak

In: Happiness in Journalism

Valérie Bélair-Gagnon, Avery E. Holton, Mark Deuze, Claudia Mellado (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 69-77

"This chapter seeks to enhance journalists’ psychological capital with targeted interventions." (Abstract)

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Data Sharing to Foster Information as a Public Good: The Case of Media Viability and Safety of Journalists in the Digital Ecosystem

Guy Berger

Paris: UNESCO (2023), 17 pp.

"Trends towards greater transparency of platforms, in the form of extending cooperation around data, offer benefit to the interests of all stakeholders. This policy brief considers the normative, institutional and technical mechanisms that support access to datasets that are not accessible generally ... more

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Southern European Journalists’ Perceptions of Discursive Menaces in the Age of (Online) Delegitimization

David Blanco-Herrero, Sergio Splendore, Martín Oller Alonso

Politics and Governance, volume 11, issue 2 (2023), pp. 210-220

"In a new communication context, factors such as the rise of hate speech, disinformation, or a precarious financial and employment situation in the media have made discursive menaces gain increasing significance. Threats of this kind challenge the legitimacy of institutional news media and professio ... more

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The Impact of Sexual Harassment on Job Satisfaction in Newsrooms

Lindsey E. Blumell, Dinfin Mulupi, Rana Arafat

Journalism Practice (2023), 20 pp.

"Despite the pervasiveness of workplace sexual harassment, the connection between sexual harassment and job satisfaction in the news industry remains insufficiently researched. This 16-country and one state study (N*=*1583) sampled news personnel from Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Arab ... more

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Strategic Rituals of Loyalty: When Israeli Journalists Face Digital Hate

Ayala Panievsky

Digital Journalism, volume 11, issue 10 (2023), pp. 1940–1961

"This article examines how and why Israeli journalists use their military service as a shield in response to online violence and digital hate. This practice, termed here the military-as-alibi strategy, is highly consequential. First, it excludes Israeli citizens who are exempt from military service ... more

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Factors Influencing Job Quit Among Newspaper Journalists in Pakistan

Waqas Ali, Muhammad Irfan, Ayaz Ahmed

Pakistan Journal of Social Research, volume 5, issue 2 (2023), pp. 710-717

"A survey was conducted on 446 newspaper journalists working in Karachi, who do journalism in Sindhi, Urdu, and English languages, to understand the reasons for their job quitting. The findings revealed that low salaries, job insecurity, and inconvenient administrative policies are why journalists l ... more

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‘Forced to report’: Affective proximity and the perils of local reporting on Syria

Omar Al-Ghazzi

Journalism, volume 24, issue 2 (2023), pp. 280–294

"Based on interviews with Syrian media practitioners, this article uses the notion of affective proximity to make sense of local media practitioners’ reporting and witnessing of suffering in their country and community. I argue that the life-risking, and sometimes deadly, media practices of local ... more

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Tackling the emotional toll together: How journalists address harassment with connective practices

Anu Kantola, Anu A. Harju

Journalism, volume 24, issue 3 (2023), pp. 494–512

"In this article, we examine how journalists address and tackle online harassment by connective practices that involve joint action with peers and editors that we find are particularly effective in addressing the emotional effects of harassment. Theoretically, we bridge community of practice researc ... more

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“It Comes With the Job”: How Journalists Navigate Experiences and Perceptions of Gendered Online Harassment

Mateus Noronha Bibiana Garcez Bruno Dias Susana Sampaio-Dias Maria João Silveirinha João Miranda

International Journal of Communication, volume 17, issue 2023 (2023), pp. 5128-5148

"This article examines how online abuse is experienced and tackled by journalists in Portugal, and addresses the prevalence of online harassment and violence against women journalists and their perceptions of the issue. Theoretically, the article bridges the research on online harassment and gender ... more

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Swedish journalists' perceptions of legal protection against unlawful online harassment

Oscar Björkenfeldt

Frontiers in Sociology, volume 8, issue 1154495 (2023), 12 pp.

"This study examined journalists' perceptions regarding the legal system's ability to protect them against online harassment. By utilizing open-ended survey responses from respondents with varying levels of trust in the legal system, the findings suggested a need for increased technical proficiency, ... more

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From Precariously Managing Risks to Building Social Resilience: The Safety of Women Journalists in Brazil

Alice Baroni, Simone Marinho

Journalism Studies, volume 24, issue 7 (2023), pp. 936-955

"Attacks on journalists and the media in Brazil have a long history but have become even more problematic through the use of social media, particularly following the election of Jair Bolsonaro as president in 2019. In times of industry restructuring and coronavirus pandemic, the systematic attacks o ... more

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Periodistas en México: Encuesta de sus perfiles demográficos, laborales y profesionales

Frida V. Rodelo, Mireya Márquez Ramírez, Grisel Salazar Rebolledo, Celia del Palacio Montiel, Martín Echeverría, Armando Gutiérrez Ortega, Karles Daniel Manzo, Julieta Brambila, Josefina Buxadé, Rubén Arnaldo González, Sallie Hughes, José Luis Lemini Camarillo

Global Media Journal - México, volume 20, issue 39 (2023), pp. 110–159

"Para que el periodismo pueda realizar su función democrática, es preciso que el contexto político, social y económico le permita su desarrollo en toda forma. Aunque en el pasado estuvo caracterizado por la cooptación y la censura, el periodismo mexicano reciente ha mostrado prácticas innovado ... more