Safety of Journalists CFOM Sheffield

The Centre for Freedom of the Media (CFOM) at the University of Sheffield (UK) is an interdisciplinary research centre with global outreach on issues of media freedom, journalism safety, editorial standards and impunity. During the 2022 Academic Consultation on the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity, CFOM conducted a literature stocktake to scope out academic literature published in the area of media freedom, journalism safety and impunity. CFOM collated this information and produced a literature database organised by themes or countries for accessibility. The collection is especially strong on country- and region-specific safety issues and on surveys of emotional wellbeing of journalists. This special collection is curated by gemma.horton@sheffield.ac.uk.

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The Protection of Citizen Journalists During Armed Conflicts

Mariateresa Garrido Villareal

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression

Ulla Carlsson, Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)

Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 267-278

"Digital technologies are changing the way in which journalism is performed. Today, reports by citizen journalists (CJs) are extremely relevant when traditional journalists cannot access hostile and dangerous areas. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, 90% of murdered reporters were lo ... more

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Protecting Journalism Sources in the Digital Age
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Julie Posetti

Paris: UNESCO (2017), 191 pp.

"This study, which covers 121 UNESCO Member States, represents a global benchmarking of journalistic source protection in the Digital Age. It focuses on developments during the period 2007-2015. The legal frameworks that support protection of journalistic sources, at international, regional and coun ... more

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Structural Working Conditions of Journalism in Egypt, Kenya, Serbia and South Africa: Empirical Findings from Interviews with Journalists Reporting on Democratisation Conflicts

Judith Lohner, Irene Neverla, Sandra Banjac

Conflict and Democratisation (MeCoDEM) Media (2017), 21 pp.

"The structural conditions of journalism are shaped by legacies of the past (marked by non-democratic regimes and sometimes colonial rule) and persisting power structures. The state and powerful political actors are perceived to play an important role in the media sector, mirrored in different forms ... more

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Google Scholar (13)

WorldCat (15)

Disrupting the disruption: A key role for academics in the protection of freedom of expression

Agnès Callamard

Media Asia, volume 44 (2017), pp. 2-7

"Agnes Callamard argues that academics have unique responsibilities in a dark era of violence." (Abstract)

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Canaries in a coal-mine? What the killings of journalists tell us about future repression

Anita R. Gohdes, Sabine C. Carey

Journal of Peace Research, volume 54, issue 2 (2017), pp. 157-174

"[...] To test the argument whether the killing of journalists is a precursor to increasing repression, we introduce a new global dataset on killings of journalists between 2002 and 2013 that uses three different sources that track such events across the world. The new data show that mostly local jo ... more

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Model Course on Safety of Journalists: A Guide for Journalism Teachers in the Arab States

Michael Foley, Clare Arthurs, Magda Abu-Fadil

Paris: UNESCO (2017), 172 pp.

"Safety of Journalists: A Model Course for the Arab States is a significant instalment in our UNESCO Series on Journalism Education. Developed in partnership with the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), the publication responds to the difficult situation of many journalists working in the ... more

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Murders, harassment and disappearances. The reality of Latin American journalists in the XXI century

Bernardo Díaz Nosty, Ruth A. de Frutos García

Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, issue 72 (2017), pp. 1418-1434

"Introduction: journalists in Latin America continue to face numerous threats in the exercise of their journalistic profession, which has increased the concern of the international community over its protection in recent years. Methodology: The objective of this research is to analyse nearly 500 cas ... more

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A Study on Indian Journalists and their Stressful Working Conditions

Trishu Sharma

International Journal of Research in Informative Science Application & Techniques, volume 1, issue 1 (2017), pp. 35-39

"Journalism is considered as fourth pillar of any democratic society and it is only a Journalist who can take many challenges to bring truth in front of society. But sometimes journalist has to face difficult and stressful conditions while working in field where they have serious threat for their li ... more

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Critical Analysis of Press Freedom in Nepal after the Peace Agreement 2006

Binod Kumar Paudel

Advances in Journalism and Communication, volume 5, issue 4 (2017), pp. 218-235

"A decade long civil war ended with a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in 2006. To address the political developments, the Interim Constitution was promulgated in 2007. Though the Interim Constitution of Nepal 2007 guarantees press freedom, every year various incidents of press freedom violation ... more

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Freedom of expression and threats to journalists’ safety: An analysis of conflict reporting in journalism education in Pakistan

Sadia Jamil

Journalism Education, volume 6, issue 2 (2017), pp. 7-16

"This article has addressed the level of journalists’ safety in Pakistan, revealing the diverse threats to journalists’ safety and their right to freedom of expression in the country. Freedom of expression is an individual right, for which no one should be attacked or killed. However, in this st ... udy, journalists’ feedback reveals that not only their lives but their right to freedom of expression is at risk because of the prevailing unsafe environment in Pakistan. The study suggests journalism is a dangerous profession in Pakistan because of physical, psychological, financial, social, emotional and topic-specific risks, which constrain journalists’ right to freedom of expression and affect them most while doing their routine jobs. Despite the unsafe environment and constant threats, this study indicates that only 18% of surveyed journalists have received safety training to protect themselves in conflict and non-conflict situations. The following questions need to be addressed when analysing issues around journalists’ safety training in Pakistan, namely: who are the trainers? Are trainers themselves trained for journalists’ safety training, bearing in mind the local safety circumstances? What is the role of local and international NGO’s in promoting journalists’ safety education either at university or media organisational level? Further research on these aspects is crucial for the better training of journalists. This study reveals that the education of conflict reporting and peace journalism is not the major part of journalism curricula in Pakistan’s public and private sector universities. The curriculum in most of the universities do not reflect distinctively the local aspects of journalism teaching and approaches, which is important for enabling journalists to understand the context within which they perform their work. As highlighted by Abit and Kenneth in their article, the case of Kosovo is quite similar to Pakistan – where journalism education lacks local teaching approches. Therefore, in this article, I emphasize certain initiatives such as: the inclusion of journalists’ safety and peace journalism modules in curriculum; collaboration with international universities for innovative pedagogical models; regular curriculum revision and local-context teaching and research within this field. Others have underlined the need for a few more significant inititatives that I think are crucial as far as journalists’ safety education is concerned, such as: enhancing journalists’ awareness of their rights and physical and psychological safety; protection of their equipment, and legal protection while covering war or conflict." (Conclusion) more

Safety training for journalists: A case study with the Spanish military

Leire Iturregui Mardaras, María José Cantalapiedra González, Leire Moure Peñín

Journalism Education, volume 6, issue 2 (2017), pp. 56-64

"This paper studies how the training of journalists has been approached in Spain. Since 2003, the Army War College has held annual Training Courses for War Correspondents. Over three hundred journalists have been trained on these courses. This study analyses and reflects on how the Spanish Army carr ... more

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Examining the Practices That Mexican Journalists Employ to Reduce Risk in a Context of Violence

Sallie Hughes, Mireya Marquez-Ramirez

International Journal of Communication, volume 11 (2017), pp. 499-521

"Research on journalists working in contexts of risk has examined either war correspondents on temporary assignments or the psychological effects of covering traumatic events, usually after the events have ended. Although these studies are important, they fail to account for the growing importance o ... more

Google Scholar (12)

WorldCat (14)

Pacific journalists training in dealing with psychological trauma when covering climate change

Dart Research Center

UNESCO (2017), ?? pp.

"The safety of journalists is not only about physical wellbeing. Safety extends to protection against impending psychological injury resulting from exposure to violence, conflict, disaster and tragedy. Both psychological safety and physical safety are inextricably linked. Research shows that people ... more

External Link (8)

Google Scholar (9)

WorldCat (10)

Trauma counseling for journalists: A profession in denial

Gowri Ananthan

Media Asia, volume 44, issue 1 (2017), pp. 17-20

"Research suggests between 80 and 90% of journalists have been exposed to a work-related traumatic events such as murder, mass casualties, war and natural disasters. Most journalists exhibit resilience despite repeated exposure to such traumatic events. However, a significant minority are at risk fo ... more

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Women in Media: The Nepalese Perspective

K. C. Prakriti

International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research, volume 4, issue 1 (2017), pp. 33-38

"A journalist is a person who involves in activities such as writing/ reporting for newspapers, magazines or on news websites in order to be published/ broadcasted. The journalists have social responsibility i.e. objective reporting. Media is the "Fourth Estate" and journalists are the watchdogs of ... more

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Freedom of Expression and Violence Against Journalists

Radu Florin Geamanu

Lex ET Scientia International Journal (LESIJ), volume 2 (2017), pp. 118-135

"This study will contain an analysis on the international and regional standards in the field of freedom of expression, as stipulated in the United Nations conventions and in the European Convention of Human Rights. Further we will establish a link between the breach of the freedom of expression whe ... more

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A Country without Mercy: Afghan Journalists Caught in Crossfires

Elisabeth Eide

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression

Ulla Carlsson, Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)

Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 81-86

"In the last Afghan solar year (22 March 2015 – 21 March 2016), twelve journalists and media workers were killed, exceeding any previous year in recent history. In June 2016, the US photographer David Gilkey and his interpreter, journalist Zabihullah Tamanna, were killed in a Taliban attack in Maj ... more

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All the news that's worth the risk: Improving protection for freelance journalists in war zones

Lindsay R. Grossman

Boston College International & Comparative Law Review, volume 40, issue 1 (2017), pp. 141-166

"Although war journalism has existed for centuries, changes in the nature of armed conflict and its coverage have put the danger for modern journalists at an all time high. The traditional war correspondent has been replaced in recent years by the independent freelance journalist. While the former r ... more

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Learning safety education from journalism educations in the global south

Roy Krøvel

Journalism Education, volume 6, issue 2 (2017), pp. 65-75

"The article recaps the main findings of the investigations presented in this special issue and seeks to answer the question “What can Northern journalism educators do to improve safety during fieldwork in the Global South?” The article builds mainly on qualitative interviews with former journal ... more

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Security and Safety Awareness among Journalist in Nigeria

Jamila Mohammed Dahiru

In: Proceedings International Conference on Media Studies 2017

Azahar Kasim, Norsiah Abdul Hamid, Sabrina Mohd Rashid (eds.)

Sintok: School of Multimedia Technology and Communication Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) (2017), pp. 389-394

"Concern on safety and security of journalist is a global phenomenon. This gave rise to security and safety policy documents and protocols for journalists and the need for journalists to know about them to better safeguard themselves while on duty. Studies were conducted on the state of journalist� ... more

Protecting Journalism Sources in the Digital Age Top Insights

Protecting Journalism Sources in the Digital Age
Top Insights